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Peroxide. In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R, where the R's represent any element and O's are single oxygen molecules. [1] [2] Oxygens are joined to each other and to adjacent elements through single covalent bonds, denoted by dashes or lines. The O−O group in a peroxide is often called the ...
When H2O2 acts as a reducing agent, oxygen gas is also produced. For example, hydrogen peroxide will reduce sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate, which is a convenient method for preparing oxygen in the laboratory: NaOCl + H2O2 → O2 + NaCl + H2O. 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2O2 → 2 MnO2 + 2 KOH + 2 H2O + 3 O2.
Examples of organic peroxides. tert -Butyl hydroperoxide, a hydroperoxide (formula: ROOH), which is used to epoxide alkenes. Dicumyl peroxide, a dialkyl peroxide (formula: ROOR), which is used to initiate polymerizations. tert -butylperoxybenzoate, a peroxy ester (formula: RCO3R') that used as a radical initiator.
Reactions with aldehydes and ketones yield a series of compounds depending on conditions. Specific reactions include addition of hydrogen peroxide across the C=O double bond: R2C=O + H2O2 → R2C (OH)OOH. In some cases, these hydroperoxides convert to give cyclic diperoxides: [R2C (O2H)]2O2 → [R2C]2(O2)2 + 2 H2O.
Hydrogen peroxide - urea (also called Hyperol, artizone, urea hydrogen peroxide, and UHP) is a white crystalline solid chemical compound composed of equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea. It contains solid and water -free hydrogen peroxide, which offers a higher stability and better controllability than liquid hydrogen peroxide when used ...
Benzoyl peroxide is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C 6 H 5 −C(=O)O−) 2, often abbreviated as (BzO) 2. In terms of its structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl ( C 6 H 5 −C(=O)− , Bz) groups connected by a peroxide ( −O−O− ).
High-test peroxide (HTP) is a highly concentrated (85 to 98%) solution of hydrogen peroxide, with the remainder consisting predominantly of water. In contact with a catalyst, it decomposes into a high-temperature mixture of steam and oxygen, with no remaining liquid water.
The peroxide value is defined as the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1 kilogram of fat or oil. Traditionally this was expressed in units of milliequivalents , although in SI units the appropriate option would be in millimoles per kilogram (N.B. 1 milliequivalents = 0.5 millimole; because 1 mEq of O2 =1 mmol/2=0.5 mmol of O2, where 2 is valence).
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ?) Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide ( MEKP) is an organic peroxide with the formula [ (CH 3 ) (C 2 H 5 )C (O 2 H)] 2 O 2. MEKP is a colorless oily liquid.
Metal dioxides are pervasive, such as MnO 2 and rutile (TiO 2 ), but these are oxides, not peroxides. Well characterized examples include the d 10 metal cations: zinc peroxide (ZnO 2 ), two polymorphs (both explosive) of mercury peroxide (HgO 2 ), and cadmium peroxide (CdO 2 ). Peroxide is a common ligand in metal complexes.