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A Caesar cipher is a simple encryption technique that shifts each letter in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. Learn about its history, usage, examples, and variations, such as the Vigenère cipher and the ROT13 system.
The Copiale cipher is a 1730s encrypted manuscript by a German oculist order, or Oculists, who used sight as a metaphor for knowledge. The cipher was decrypted in 2011 with computer assistance and reveals an initiation ceremony and a connection to Freemasonry.
A book cipher is a cipher in which each letter or word of the plaintext is replaced by a code that locates it in another text, the key. Learn about the history, security, and examples of book ciphers, such as the Beale ciphers and the Cicada 3301 mystery.
Learn about the history, variations and insecurity of the pigpen cipher, a geometric simple substitution cipher that uses symbols in a grid. The cipher is also known as the masonic cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher and tic-tac-toe cipher.
The one-time pad is an encryption technique that uses a single-use pre-shared key that is larger than or equal to the message size. It is impossible to break if the key is random, secret, and used only once. Learn about its history, applications, and quantum version.
With Diffie–Hellman key exchange, two parties arrive at a common secret key, without passing the common secret key across the public channel. Diffie–Hellman ( DH ) key exchange [ nb 1 ] is a mathematical method of securely generating a symmetric cryptographic key over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as ...
Magic was a project that decrypted Japanese and German diplomatic codes during World War II. It revealed information about Japan's plans, Germany's assistance, and the Pearl Harbor attack, but also faced challenges and limitations.
A cipher is an algorithm for encrypting or decrypting information, while a code is a set of symbols or words that stand for other meanings. Learn about the origin, classification and examples of ciphers, from ancient to modern, and how they differ from codes.