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Machine code is the lowest-level programming language that controls a CPU. It consists of binary instructions that perform specific tasks, such as load, store, jump, or arithmetic operations. Learn more about machine code, its instruction set, and its relation to assembly language and higher-level languages.
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. Learn about the origins, languages, and properties of programming, as well as related terms and concepts.
A computer science textbook that teaches fundamental principles of programming using Scheme and register machines. It is known as the "Wizard Book" in hacker culture and was used as the textbook for MIT's introductory course 6.001.
Learn about comments in computer programming, which are programmer-readable explanations or annotations in the source code. Find out how comments are formatted, used, and processed in different languages and situations.
Learn about C, a general-purpose programming language created by Dennis Ritchie in the 1970s and widely used for operating systems, device drivers, and embedded systems. C has low-level features, static typing, and cross-platform portability.
Syntax is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are correctly structured statements or expressions in a computer language. Learn about the levels of syntax, the tools for parsing and contextual analysis, and the examples of errors.
ASCII is a character encoding standard for electronic communication that represents text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. It has 128 code points, of which only 95 are printable characters, and it was developed in part from telegraph code and influenced by Unicode.
The code examples used in the book are taken from real-life software and uses C to illustrate basic concepts. Excerpts from prominent open-source code systems like the Apache Web server, the hsqldb Java relational database engine, the NetBSD Unix distribution, the Perl language, the Tomcat application server, and the X Window System are presented.