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β−. in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge. [13] Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, [14] and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. [1]
The report further notes that Iran by 2008 had increased its output in physical sciences by as much as ten times in ten years and its share in world's total output had reached 1.3%, comparing with US share of 20% and Chinese share of 18%. Similarly Iran's engineering output had grown to 1.6% of the world's output being greater than Belgium or ...
Bremsstrahlung produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. In particle physics, bremsstrahlung / ˈ b r ɛ m ʃ t r ɑː l ə ŋ / [1] (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛms.ʃtʁaːlʊŋ] ⓘ; from German bremsen 'to brake' and Strahlung 'radiation') is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by ...
Arizona (/ ˌ ær ɪ ˈ z oʊ n ə / ⓘ ARR-iz-OH-nə; Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo [hoː˥z̥to˩ ha˩hoː˩tso˩]; [10] O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak [ˈaɭi̥ ˈʂɔnak]) [11] is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
A gold nugget of 5 mm (0.20 in) in size can be hammered into a gold foil of about 0.5 m 2 (5.4 sq ft) in area. Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a wire of single-atom width, and then stretched considerably before it breaks. [ 14 ]
Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a Mohs scale hardness of 3, which is too soft to mark hard objects. Coins of antimony were issued in China's Guizhou in 1931; durability was poor, and minting was soon discontinued because of its softness and toxicity. [10] Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.